Apparatuses and methods for providing internal clock signals of different clock frequencies in a memory device

ABSTRACT

Apparatuses and methods for providing internal clock signals of different clock frequencies in a semiconductor device are described in the present application. An example apparatus includes a read command buffer and a read data output circuit. The read command. buffer buffers a read command responsive to a first clock signal and provides the read command responsive to a second clock signal. The read data output circuit receives a plurality of bits of data in parallel when activated by the read command from the read command buffer, and provides the plurality of bits of data serially responsive to input/output (IO) clock signals. A data clock timing circuit provides the IO clock signals having a first clock frequency in a first mode and having a second clock frequency in a second mode, and further provides the second clock signal having the first clock frequency in the first and second modes.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/730,552 filed Oct. 11, 2017, which is a divisional of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/410,602, filed Jan. 19, 2017 and issued as U.S.Pat. No. 9,818,462 on Nov. 14, 2017. These applications, and issuedpatent, are incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and for allpurposes.

BACKGROUND

Current and future generation semiconductor memory applications utilizevery high memory I/O speeds to read and write data. Examples of suchsemiconductor memory include dynamic random access memory (DRAM) andsynchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), as well as manyothers.

The demand for high memory I/O speeds is particularly true in graphicsmemory, such as current and future generation GDDR5/CDDR5Xspecifications. Graphics memories are designed for applicationsrequiring high bandwidths and high memory I/O speeds, for example, inexcess of 8 Gbps. The high memory I/O speeds, however, consume morepower than compared to lower memory I/O speeds. While many applicationsof such memory demand high memory I/O speeds, other applications mayprioritize lower power consumption and accept lower memory I/O speeds.

It may be desirable for a semiconductor memory to be operated at variousclock frequencies to provide different memory I/O speeds.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a block diagram of a semiconductor devicein accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit accordingto an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of various signals during operation of thePLL circuit of FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 is block diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a PLL circuit according to an embodiment ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of various signals during operation of thePLL circuit of FIG. 6 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of a clock divider circuit according toan embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 8B is a timing diagram showing various clock signals duringoperation of the clock divider circuit of FIG. 8A according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 9A is a block diagram of a read data output circuit according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 9B is a block diagram of a shift register according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 9C is a block diagram of a shift register according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 9D is a timing diagram illustrating the timing of the output of thebits of data by the shift register of FIG. 9A, the shift register ofFIG. 9B, and the shift register of FIG. 9C relative to one another.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a write data input circuit according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the relative timing of various clocksignals, serially provided internal data, and sampled data according toan embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a serial-to-parallel (S2P) circuitaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 13A is a block diagram of a serial-in-parallel-cut (SIPO) circuitaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 13B is a timing diagram illustrating the various signals duringoperation of the SIPO circuit of FIG. 13A according to an embodiment ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a command buffer according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a pointer counter circuit according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain details are set forth below to provide a sufficientunderstanding of embodiments of the disclosure. However, it will beclear to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the disclosure maybe practiced without these particular details. Moreover, the particularembodiments of the present disclosure described herein are provided byway of example and should not be used to limit the scope of thedisclosure to these particular embodiments. In other instances,well-known circuits, control signals, timing protocols, and softwareoperations have not been shown in detail in order to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring the disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a block diagram of a semiconductor device10 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The semiconductordevice 10 includes a memory die. The memory die may include anaddress/command input circuit 5, address decoder 12, command decoder 15,clock input circuit 20, internal clock generator 30, timing generator35, row decoder 40, column decoder 45, memory arrays 50, read/writeamplifiers 55, I/O circuit 60, LQ calibration circuit 65, and voltagegenerator 70.

In some embodiments, the semiconductor device 10 may include, withoutlimitation, a DRAM device, such as GDDR5 SGRAM integrated into a singlesemiconductor chip, for example. GDDR SGRAMs may be suited for use withhigh-performance computing applications, including, for example,graphics intensive processing applications such as graphics cards, gameconsoles, and the like. The die may be mounted on an external substrate,for example, a memory module substrate, a mother board or the like. Thesemiconductor device 10 may further include a memory array 50. Thememory array 50 includes a plurality of banks, each bank including aplurality of word lines WL, a plurality of bit lines BL, and a pluralityof memory cells MC arranged at intersections of the plurality of wordlines WL and the plurality of bit lines BL. The selection of the wordline WL is performed by a row decoder 40 and the selection of the bitline BL is performed by a column decoder 45. Sense amplifiers (SA) arelocated for their corresponding bit lines BL and connected to at leastone respective local I/O line, which is in turn coupled to a respectiveone of at least two main I/O line pairs, via transfer gates (TG), whichfunction as switches.

The semiconductor device 10 may employ a plurality of external terminalsthat include address and command terminals coupled to command/addressbus (C/A), clock terminals CK_t and CK_c, write clock terminals WCK_tand WCK_c, data terminals DQ, DQS, and DM, power supply terminals VDD,VSS, VDDQ, and VSSQ, and the ZQ calibration terminal (ZQ).

The command/address terminals may be supplied with an address signal anda bank address signal from outside. The address signal and the bankaddress signal supplied to the address terminals are transferred, viathe address/command input circuit 5, to an address decoder 12. Theaddress decoder 12 receives the address signal and supplies a decodedrow address signal to the row decoder 40, and a decoded column addresssignal to the column decoder 45. The address decoder 12 also receivesthe bank address signal and supplies the bank address signal to the rowdecoder 40, the column decoder 45.

The command/address terminals may further be supplied with a commandsignal from outside, such as, for example, a memory controller 5. Thecommand signal may be provided, via the C/A bus, to the command decoder15 via the address/command input circuit 5. The command decoder 15decodes the command signal to generate various internal commands thatinclude a row command signal to select a word line and a column commandsignal, such as a read command or a write command, to select a bit line.Various internal commands, for example read commands and write commands,are provided to a command buffer 75, The buffered commands are bufferedby the command buffer 75 responsive to command and address clock signalsCACLK and CACLKF and output responsive to buffer clock signals BUFCLKand BUFCLKF. The commands are provided to various circuits of thesemiconductor device to perform operations related to the commands.

For example, when a read command is issued and a row address and acolumn address are timely supplied with the read command, read data isread from a memory cell in the memory array 50 designated by these rowaddress and column address. An internal read command is buffered andthen provided to input/output circuit 60 so that the read data DQ isoutput to outside from the data terminals DQ, DQS, and DM via read/writeamplifiers 55 and the input/output circuit 60. Similarly, when the writecommand is issued and a row address and a column address are timelysupplied with this command, and then write data is supplied to the dataterminals DQ, DQS, DM, an internal write command is buffered and thenprovided to input/output circuit 60 so that the write data is receivedby data receivers in the input/output circuit 60, and supplied via theinput/output circuit 60 and the read/write amplifiers 55 to the memoryarray 50 and written in the memory cell designated by the row addressand the column address.

Turning to the explanation of the external terminals included in thesemiconductor device 10, the clock terminals CK_t and CK_c and WCK_t andWCK_c are supplied with external clock signals and complementaryexternal clock signals, respectively. The external clock signals(including complementary external clock signals) may be supplied to aclock input circuit 20. The clock input circuit 20 may receive theexternal clock signals to generate internal clock signals ICLK. Theinternal clock signals ICLK are supplied to an internal clock generator30. The internal clock generator 30 provides various phase and frequencycontrolled internal clock signal based on the received internal clocksignals ICLK and a clock enable signal CKE from the address/commandinput circuit 5. For example, the internal clock generator 30 providescommand and address clock signals CACLK, CACLKF and buffer clock signalsBUFCLK, BUFCLKF. The internal clock generator 30 further providesinput/output (IO) clock signals. The IO clock signals are supplied tothe input/output circuit 60 and are used as a timing signal fordetermining an output timing of read data and the input timing of writedata. As will be described in more detail below, the IO clock signalsmay be provided at multiple clock frequencies so that data may be outputfrom and input to the semiconductor device 10 at different data rates. Ahigher clock frequency may be desirable when high memory speed iscritical. A lower clock frequency may be desirable when lower powerconsumption is critical. The internal clock signals ICLK are alsosupplied to a timing generator 35 and thus various internal clocksignals can be generated.

The power supply terminals are supplied with power supply potentials VDDand VSS. These power supply potentials VDD and VSS are supplied to aninternal voltage generator circuit 70. The internal voltage generatorcircuit 70 generates various internal potentials VPP, VOD, VARY, VPERI,and the like and a reference potential ZQVREF based on the power supplypotentials VDD and VSS. The internal potential VPP is mainly used. inthe row decoder 40, the internal potentials VOD and VARY are mainly usedin the sense amplifiers included in the memory array 50, and theinternal potential VPERI is used in many other circuit blocks. Thereference potential ZQVREF is used in the ZQ calibration circuit 65.

The power supply terminals are also supplied with power supplypotentials VDDQ and VSSQ. These power supply potentials VDDQ and VSSQare supplied to the input/output circuit 60. The power supply potentialsVDDQ and VSSQ are the same potentials as the power supply potentials VDDand VSS, respectively. However, the dedicated power supply potentialsVDDQ and VSSQ are used for the input/output circuit 60 so that powersupply noise generated by the input/output circuit 60 does not propagateto the other circuit blocks.

The calibration terminal ZQ is connected to the ZQ calibration circuit65. The ZQ calibration circuit 65 performs a calibration operation withreference to an impedance of RZQ, and the reference potential ZQVREF,when activated by the ZQ calibration command signal (ZQ_com). Animpedance code ZQCODE obtained by the calibration operation is suppliedto the input/output circuit 60, and thus an impedance of an outputbuffer (not shown) included in the input/output circuit 60 is specified.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus 100 according to an embodimentof the disclosure. The apparatus 100 may be included in thesemiconductor device 10 of FIG. 1 in some embodiments. The apparatus 100includes a command path that includes receiver circuits 102 and 104 thatreceive command signals and address signals, respectively. The receivercircuit 102 may include a plurality of receiver circuits that eachreceive a respective one of the command signals, and similarly, thereceiver circuit 104 may include a plurality of receiver circuits thateach receive a respective one of the address signals. The receivercircuit 102 provides the command signals and the receiver circuit 104provides the address signals to a command decoder and latch circuit 110.The apparatus 100 further includes receiver circuit 106 that receives acommand and address clock signal CK_t and a complementary command andaddress clock signal CK_c. The receiver circuit 106 provides twointernal clock signals CACLK and CACLKF having relative phases to eachother (i.e., provides two phases). For example, in an embodiment of thedisclosure, the receiver circuit 106 provides the CACLK clock signal andfurther provides the CACLKF clock signal, which is 180 degrees out ofphase from the CACLK clock signal.

The command signals and address signals provided by the receivercircuits 102 and 104, respectively, are latched by the command decoderand latch circuit 110 responsive to the CACLK and/or CACLKF clocksignals. The command decoder and latch circuit 110 provides internalcommands based on the latched command signals. For example, the commanddecoder and latch circuit 110 provides an internal read command RDCMDresponsive to the command decoder and latch circuit 110 decoding a readcommand from the latched command signals. The command decoder and latchcircuit 110 provides an internal write command WRCMD responsive to thecommand decoder and latch circuit 110 decoding a write command from thelatched command signals. The internal commands, namely the read commandRDCMD and write command WRCMD, have been provided by way of example, andare not intended to limit the internal commands provided by the commanddecoder and latch circuit 110 to merely read and write commands. In anembodiment, the command decoder and latch circuit 110 provides otherinternal commands additionally, or alternatively, to the read commandRDCMD and/or write command WRCMD.

The read command RDCMD is provided to a read command buffer 114. Theread command buffer 114 may be implemented as a first-in, first-out(FIFO) buffer, The read command buffer 114 buffers a read command RDCMDresponsive to a clock signal provided to a clk_in node of the readcommand buffer 114 and provides a read command RDCMD responsive to aclock signal provided to a clk_out node of the read command buffer 114.The CACLK clock signal and/or CACLKF clock signal are provided to theclk_in node of the read command buffer 114. The write command signalWRCMD is provided to a write command buffer 112. The write commandbuffer 112 may be implemented as a FIFO buffer, The write command buffer112 buffers a write command WRCMD responsive to a clock signal providedto a clk_in node of the write command buffer 112 and provides a writecommand WRCMD responsive to a clock signal provided to a clk_out node ofthe write command buffer 112. The CACLK clock signal and/or CACLKF clocksignal are provided to the clk_in node of the write command buffer 112.

The read command RDCMD is provided by the read command buffer 114 to aread data output circuit 118 responsive to the clock signal provided tothe clk_out node, The read data output circuit 118 receives read data,for example, from a memory array, and provides the read data to anexternal terminal 122 when activated by the read command RDCMD andresponsive to a clock signal provided to a clock input of the read dataoutput circuit 118. In an embodiment, the read data output circuit 118receives read data in parallel (e.g., 16-bits in parallel) and providesthe read data to the external terminal 122 serially (e.g., multipleconsecutive 1-bit output). The write command WRCMD is provided by thewrite command buffer 112 to a write data input circuit 120 responsive toa clock signal provided to the clk_out node. The write data inputcircuit 120 receives write data, for example, from the external terminal122, and provides the write data internally, for example, to the memoryarray, when activated by the write command WRCMD and responsive to aclock signal provided to a clock input of the write data input circuit120. In an embodiment, the write data input circuit 120 receives writedata serially (multiple consecutive 1-bit input) and provides theinternal write data in parallel (e.g., 16-bits in parallel).

It will be appreciated that while FIGS. 2 and 5 illustrate one externalterminal 122, and respective read data output circuit 118 and write datainput circuit 120, additional external terminals, and read data outputcircuits and write data output circuits may be included when theapparatus 100 is included in a semiconductor device, for example, thesemiconductor device 10 of FIG. 1, without departing from the scope ofthe disclosure. The IO clock signals may be provided to each of the readdata output circuits and write data input circuits in such embodiments.Similarly, other circuits or elements previously described withreference to FIGS. 2 and 5 may be added to support additional read dataoutput circuits and write data input circuits, and additional externalterminals without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The apparatus 100 further includes a clock training circuit 116 thatreceives the CACLK and CACLKF clock signals, and further receives butlerclock signals BUFCLK and BUFCLKF. The clock training circuit 116compares the CACLK and CACLKF clock signals with the BUFCLK and BUFCLKFclock signals and provide a clock phase signal CLKPH having a valueindicative of the phase relationship between the CACLK, CACLKF andBUFCLK, BUFCLKF clock signals. For example, the CLKPH signal may have afirst logic value when the CACLK, CACLKF clock signals lead the BUFCLK,BUFCLKF clock signals and may have a second logic value when the CACLK,CACLKF clock signals lag the BUFCLK, BUFCLKF clock signals. The CLKPHsignal may be provided to a memory controller that adjusts the phase ofa data clock (e.g., write clock signals WCK_t and WCK_c) and the commandand address clock signal.

A receiver circuit 108 receives a write clock signal WCK_t and acomplementary write clock signal WCK_c. The receiver circuit 108provides two internal clock signals DCLK and DCLKF having relativephases to each other (i.e., provides two phases). For example, in anembodiment of the disclosure, the receiver circuit 108 provides the DCLKclock signal and further provides the DCLKF clock signal, which is 180degrees out of phase from the DCLK clock signal. The DCLK and DCLKFclock signals have a clock frequency that is the same as the clockfrequency of the WCK_t and WCK_c clock signals. By way of a non-limitingexample, the clock frequency of the DCLK and DCLKF clock signals and theclock frequency of the WCK_t and WCK_c clock signals may be 3 GHz. TheDCLK and DCLKF clock signals are provided to a clock divider circuit124, which provides four clock signals DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, andDCLK270 having relative phases to each other (e.g., four phase clocksignals). For example, in an embodiment of the disclosure, the clockdivider circuit 124 provides the DCLK0 clock signal, the DCLK90 clocksignal that is 90 degrees out of phase from the DCLK0 clock signal, andfurther provides the DCLK180 clock signal that is 180 degrees out ofphase from the DCLK0 clock signal and the DCLK270 clock signal that is270 degrees out of phase from the DCLKO clock signal. The four clocksignals provided by the clock divider circuit 124 have a lower clockfrequency than the clock frequency of the DCLK and DCLKF clock signals.For example, in an embodiment of the disclosure, the clock dividercircuit 124 provides four clock signals DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270having a clock frequency that is one-half of the clock frequency of theDCLK and DCLKF clock signals (and one-half of the WCK_t and WCK_c clocksignals). By way of a non-limiting example, the clock frequency of theDCLK and DCLKF clock signals (and one-half of the WCK_t and WCK_c clocksignals) may be 3 GHz and the clock frequency of the DCLK0, DCLK90,DCLK180, DCLK270 clock signals may be 1.5 GHz.

The four clock signals from the clock divider circuit 124 are providedto a data clock timing circuit 130. The data clock timing circuit 130provides buffer clock signals BUFCLK and BUFCLKF. The BUFCLK and BUFCLKFsignals are provided to the clock training circuit 116, and to the writecommand buffer 112 and read command buffer 114. The BUFCLK and BUFCLKFsignals and the CACLK and CACLKF signals are compared by the clocktraining circuit 116 when activated to provide the clock phase signalCLKPH, which as previously described, may have a value indicative of thephase of relationship between the BUFCLK, BUFCLKF signals and the CACLK,CACLKF signals. The BUFCLK and BUFCLKF signals are also used to causethe write command buffer 112 to provide write commands to the write datainput circuit 120 and to cause the read command buffer 114 to provideread commands to the read data output circuit 118.

The data clock timing circuit 130 further provides input/output (IO)clock signals IO0, IO90, IO180, and IO270. The IO clock signals haverelative phases to each other (e.g., four phase clock signals). Forexample, in an embodiment of the disclosure, the data clock timingcircuit 130 provides the IO0 clock signal, and provides the IO90 clocksignal that is 90 degrees out of phase from the IO0 clock signal, theIO180 clock signal that is 180 degrees out of phase from the IO0 clocksignal, and the IO270 clock signal that is 270 degrees out of phase fromthe IO0 clock signal. The IO clock signals are provided to the clockinput of the write data input circuit 120 and to the clock input of theread data output circuit 118. As previously described, the write datainput circuit 120 provides write data from the external terminal 122responsive to the IO clock signals when activated by the write command.WRCMD and the read data output circuit 118 provides read data to theexternal terminal 122 responsive to the IO clock signals when activatedby the read command. RDCMD.

As will be described in more detail below, the data dock timing circuit130 is configured to provide the IO clock signals and the BUFCLK andBUFCLKF clock signals to cause the read data output circuit 118 and thewrite data input circuit 120 to operate at a first clock frequency whenin a first mode, and to operate at a second clock frequency when in asecond mode. For example, in an embodiment, when in the first mode thedata clock timing circuit 130 is configured to provide the IO clocksignals and the BUFCLK and BUFCLKF signals to operate the read dataoutput circuit 118 and the write data input circuit 120 at a double-datarate (DDR) and when in the second mode the data clock timing circuit 130is configured to provide the IO clock signals and the BUFCLK and BUFCLKFsignals to operate the read data output circuit 118 and the write datainput circuit 120 at a quad-data rate (QDR). When operating at a DDR,two bits of data are output by the read data output circuit 118 or inputby the write data input circuit 120 for each clock cycle of the writeclock signal and the complementary write clock signal WCK_t, WCK_c. Whenoperating at a QDR, four bits of data are output by the read data outputcircuit 118 or input by the write data input circuit 120 for each clockcycle of the write clock signal and the complementary write clock signalWCK_t, WCK_c. In such an example, the first mode of the data clocktiming circuit 130 may be referred to as a DDR mode and the second modemay be referred to as a QDR mode. The modes of operation may be selectedthrough the use of a mode register. As known, a mode register may beused to select various modes of operations, options, features, etc. Toset the various modes of operations, options, features, etc.,information is programmed into the mode register having the valuecorresponding to the desired mode of operations, options, features, etc.

The apparatus 100 may be used to receive memory commands (e.g., readcommands, write commands) according to a command and address clock CK_t,CK_c domain and provide corresponding internal memory commands toactivate IO circuits (e.g., read data output circuit 118, write datainput circuit 120) that are operated according to a write clock WCK_t,WCK_c domain. The memory commands cross between the CK clock domain andthe WCK clock domain by buffering the commands in the command buffersbased on the CK clock signals and providing the memory commands from thecommand buffers to the IO circuits based on the WCK clock signals. Aswill be explained in more detail below, data may be input and outputaccording to different frequencies (e.g., DDR or QDR).

In operation, command and address signals provided by the receivercircuits 102 and 104 are latched and decoded by the command decoder andlatch circuit 110 according to the CACLK and CACLKF clock signals. TheCACLK and CACLKF clock signals are provided by the receiver circuit 106.

Internal read commands RDCMD provided by the command decoder and latchcircuit 110 to the read command buffer 114 are buffered responsive tothe CACLK and CACLKF clock signals. The read commands are provided tothe read data output circuit 118 responsive to the BUFCLK and clocksignals to activate the read data output circuit 118. The BUFCLK andBUFCLKF clock signals are provided by the data clock timing circuit 130.When activated, the read data output circuit 118 receives read data andprovides the read data to an external terminal 122 responsive to the IOclock signals from the data clock timing circuit 130. As previouslydescribed, in an embodiment, read data may be received by the read dataoutput circuit 118 in parallel and provided to the external terminal 122serially. The data clock timing circuit 130 may provide IO clock signalsto operate the read data output circuit 118 according to a firstfrequency DDR mode) or a second frequency (e.g., QDR mode).

Internal write commands WRCMD provided by the command decoder and latchcircuit 110 to the write command buffer 112 are buffered responsive tothe CACLK and CACLKF clock signals. The write commands are provided tothe write data input circuit 120 responsive to the BUFCLK and BUFCLKFclock signals to activate the write data input circuit 120. Whenactivated, the write data input circuit 120 receives write data from theexternal terminal 122 and provides internal write data responsive to theIO clock signals from the data clock timing circuit 130. As previouslydescribed, in an embodiment, write data may be received by the writedata input circuit 120 from the external terminal 122 serially and theinternal write data provided in parallel. The IO clock signals providedby the data clock timing circuit 130 may be used to operate the writedata input circuit 120 according to a first frequency (e.g., DDR mode)or a second frequency (e.g., QDR mode).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the data clock timing circuit 130includes a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit 132 that receives the fourphase clock signals DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 from the a clockdivider circuit 124. The PLL circuit 132 provides four clock signalsPLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180, PLLCK270 to a first input of the multiplexer138 responsive to the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 clock signals. ThePLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180, PLLCK270 clock signals have relative phasesto each other (e.g., 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270degrees). The PLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180, PLLCK270 clock signals have ahigher clock frequency than the clock frequency of the DCLK0, DCLK90,DCLK180, DCLK270 clock signals. For example, in an embodiment of thedisclosure, the PLL circuit 132 provides the PLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180,PLLCK270 clock signals having a clock frequency that is twice that ofthe clock frequency of the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 clocksignals. By way of a non-limiting example, the clock frequency of theDCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 clock signals may be 1.5 GHz and theclock frequency of the PLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180, PLLCK270 clock signalsmay be 3.0 GHz. The DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 clock signals arealso provided to a second input of the multiplexer 138. The multiplexer138 provides either the PLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180, PLLCK270 clocksignals or the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 clock signals as the IOclock signals based on a control signal MUXCTL.

Two of the four PLLCK clock signals are also provided to a clock dividercircuit 134. For example, in an embodiment, the two PLLCK clock signalsare PLLCK0 and PLLCK180, which are complementary. The clock dividercircuit 134 provides four clock signals DIVCK0, DIVCK90, DIVCK180,DIV270 having relative phases to each other (e.g., 0 degrees, 90degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees). Two of the four DIVCK clocksignals are provided back to the PLL circuit 132. For example, in anembodiment of the disclosure the DIVCK0 and DIVCK180 clock signals areprovided. The two DIVCK clock signals may be used by the PLL circuit 132to synchronize the PLLCK clock signals (and the DIVCK clock signals)with the DCLK clock signals. Two of the four DIVCK clock signals areprovided to a first input of the multiplexer 136. For example, theDIVCK0 and DIVCK180 clock signals may be provided to the multiplexer 136in an embodiment of the disclosure. A second input of the multiplexer136 receives two of the four IO clock signals provided by themultiplexer 138. The multiplexer 136 provides the two DIVCK clocksignals or the two IO clock signals as the buffer clock signals BUFCLKand BUFCLKF based on the control signal MUXCTL. The clock frequency ofthe DIVCK clock signals is lower than the clock frequency of the PLLCKclock signals. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the DIVCK clocksignals have a clock frequency that is one-half of the clock frequencyof the PLLCK clock signals.

In operation, in a first mode (e.g., DDR mode), the control signalMUXCTL has a first logic value (e.g., a high logic value) causing themultiplexer 138 to provide the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 clocksignals as the IO clock signals, and further causing the multiplexer 136to provide two of the four IO clock signals as the buffer clock signalsBUFCLK and BUFCLKE. As a result, the clock frequency of the IO clocksignals is the same as the clock frequency of the DCLK clock signals. Aspreviously described, in an embodiment, the DCLK clock signals have aclock frequency that is one-half of the clock frequency of the WCK_t andWCK_c clock signals. Consequently, the IO clock signals have a clockfrequency that is one-half of the clock frequency of the WCK_t and WCK_cclock signals. In a second mode (e.g., QDR mode), the control signalMUXCTL has a second logic value (e.g., a low logic value) causing themultiplexer 138 to provide the PLLCK clock signals as the IO clocksignals, and further causing the multiplexer 136 to provide the two ofthe four DIVCK clock signals as the BUFCLK and BUFCLKF clock signals. Asa result, the clock frequency of the IO clock signals is twice the clockfrequency of the DCLK clock signals, and is the same clock frequency ofthe WCK_t and WCK_c clock signals.

As illustrated by the previous example, in a DDR mode the data clocktiming circuit 130 provides four phase IO clock signals having a clockfrequency that is one-half of the clock frequency of the WCK_t and WCKclock signals to operate the read data output circuit 118 and the writedata input circuit 120 at a double-data rate. In a QDR mode the dataclock timing circuit 130 provides four phase IO clock signals having aclock frequency that is the same as the clock frequency of the WCK_t andWCK clock signals to operate the read data output circuit 118 and thewrite data input circuit 120 at a quad-data rate.

The data clock timing circuit 130 has been described as including a PLLcircuit 132 that receives the four phase clock signals DCLK0, DCLK90,DCLK180, DCLK270 and provides the four phase clock signals PLLCK0,PLLCK90, PLLCK180, and PLLCK270. In an alternative embodiment, the dataclock timing circuit 130 includes a clock circuit other than a PLLcircuit. The clock circuit would receive the four phase clock signalsDCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 and provide the four phase clock signalsPLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180, and PLLCK270. As previously described, thefour phase PLLCK clock signals have a clock frequency that is twice theclock frequency of the four phase DCLK clock signals. More generally,the data clock timing circuit 130 may include alternative clockcircuits, other than the PLL circuit 132, that provide the four phasePLLCK clock signals responsive to the four phase DCLK clock signals aspreviously described without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a PLL circuit 300 according to anembodiment of the disclosure. The PLL circuit 300 may be used as the PLLcircuit 132 of FIG. 2. The PLL circuit 300 includes a phase/frequencydetector 310 that receives four phase clock signals as reference clocksignals clk_ref, for example, the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, and DCLK270clock signals provided by the clock divider circuit 124 (FIG. 2). Thephase/frequency detector 310 further receives complementary clocksignals as feedback clock signals clk_fb, for example, the DIVCK0 andDIVCK180 clock signals provided by the clock divider circuit 134. Thephase/frequency detector 310 compares the phases and frequencies of thereference clock signals and the feedback clock signals and provides a PHsignal that is indicative of a phase and frequency difference betweenthe reference and feedback clock signals.

A filter circuit 320 receives the PH signal and provides a controlsignal CTRL. The CTRL signal provided by the filter circuit 320 is basedon the PH signal. For example, in an embodiment, a voltage of the CTRLsignal is based on the PH signal. The filter circuit 320 may filter thePH signal in providing the CTRL signal to provide stability to the phaseloop and limit ripples that may be present in the PH signal whenproviding the CTRL signal.

A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 330 receives the CTRL signal andprovides four clock signals having relative phases to each other (i.e.,provides four phase clock signals) that have a clock frequency that isgreater than the clock frequency of the complementary reference clocksignals. In an embodiment, the clock frequency of the four phase clocksignals is twice the clock frequency of the complementary referenceclock signals. By way of a non-limiting example, the clock frequency ofthe DCLK clock signals may be 1.5 GHz and the clock frequency of thePLLCK clock signals may be 3.0 GHz. The clock signals may be used as thePLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180, PLLCK270 previously described with referenceto FIG. 2. The VCO 330 provides the four clock signals having a phaseand frequency that is based on the CTRL signal. For example, the fourclock signals may have a phase and frequency based on a voltage of theCTRL signal. When the voltage of the CTRL signal changes, for example,in response to a change in the PH signal from the phase/frequencydetector 310, the phase and frequency of the four clock signals maychange accordingly.

The clock divider circuit 134 receives two of the four clock signalsprovided by the VCO 330. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, complementaryclock signals are received from the VCO 330 (e.g., PLLCK0 and PLLCK180).The clock divider circuit 134 divides the clock frequency of thecomplementary clock signals to provide lower clock frequencycomplementary clock signals (e.g., DIVCK0 and DIVCK180). For example, inan embodiment, the clock divider circuit 134 provides the lower clockfrequency complementary clock signals having a clock frequency that isone-half of the clock frequency of the PLLCK clock signals from the VCO330. The lower clock frequency complementary clock signals are providedas the feedback clock signals to the phase/frequency detector 310.

In operation, the phase/frequency detector 310 compares the phase andfrequency of the reference clock signals (e.g., DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180,and DCLK270) and the feedback clock signals (e.g., DIVCK0 and DIVCK180)and provides a PH signal to the filter circuit 320 to adjust the VCO 330until the phase and frequency of the feedback clock signals matches thephase and frequency of the reference clock signals. When the phases andfrequencies match, the PLL 300 is said to be “locked.” The resultingfour phase clock signals provided by the PLL 300 are in phase with thereference clock signals and have a clock frequency that is greater thanthe clock frequency of the reference clock signals (e.g., twice theclock frequency of the reference clock signals).

FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of various signals during operation of thePLL circuit 300 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Thevarious signals illustrated by FIG. 4 are from when the PLL circuit 300is locked. FIG. 4 illustrates the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, and DCLK270which may be provided as the reference clock signals to the PLL circuit300. The DCLK0 and DCLK180 signals are complementary. FIG. 4 furtherillustrates the DIVCK0 and DIVCK180 signals provided as the feedbackclock signals. The DIVCK0 and DIVCK180 clock signals are alsocomplementary. The locked condition of the PLL 300 is reflected by theDCLK0 clock signal having the same phase and frequency as the DIVCK0clock signal, and the DCLK180 clock signal having the same phase andfrequency as the DIVCK180 clock signal. As previously described, whenthe PLL 300 is locked, the four phase clock signals provided by the VCO330 (e.g., PLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK 180, PLLCK270) are in phase with thereference clock signals and have a clock frequency that is greater thanthe clock frequency of the reference clock signals. As illustrated inFIG. 4, clock edges of the PLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180, PLLCK270 clocksignals are aligned with the clock edges of the DCLK0, DCLK180 clocksignals, and have a clock frequency that is twice the clock frequency ofthe DCLK0, DCLK180 clock signals. The PLLCK0, PLLCK90, PLLCK180,PLLCK270 clock signals have relative phases to each other as well (e.g.,0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees). As previouslydescribed, the PLLCK clock signals having twice the frequency of theDCLK clock signals (and the same frequency as the WCK clock signals) maybe used to operate the read data output circuit 118 and the write datainput circuit 120 at a higher frequency, for example, at a QDR.

FIG. 5 is block diagram of an apparatus 500 according to an embodimentof the disclosure. The apparatus 500 includes elements previouslydescribed with reference to the apparatus 100 of FIG. 2. Common elementsare referenced in FIG. 5 using the same reference numbers and referencenames as used in FIG. 2. Generally, the apparatus 500 is different fromthe apparatus 100 of FIG. 2 with regards to the data clock timingcircuit. In particular, the data clock timing circuit 530 of theapparatus 500 is different than the clock divider circuit 130 of theapparatus 100. While the data clock timing circuit 530 provides BUFCLKclock signals and IO signals responsive to DCLK clock signals, as doesthe clock divider circuit 130, the data clock timing circuit 530 isstructured differently from the clock divider circuit 130.

The data clock timing circuit 530 includes a phase-locked loop (PLL)circuit 532 that receives the four phase clock signals DCLK0, DCLK90,DCLK180, DCLK270 from the a clock divider circuit 124. The PLL circuit132 provides eight clock signals PLLCK0, PLLCK45, PLLCK90, PLLCK135,PLLCK180, PLLCK225, PLLCK270, and PLLCK315 having relative phases toeach other responsive to the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 clocksignals. For example, PLLCK clock signals may be phase shifted relativeto each other by 45 degrees, such as 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees,135 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees, 270 degrees, and 315 degrees. Theeight clock signals may have the same dock frequency as the clockfrequency of the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK 180, DCLK270 clock signals. By wayof a non-limiting example, the clock frequency of the DCLK dock signalsmay be 1.5 GHz and the clock frequency of the PLLCK clock signals may be1.5 GHz.

The eight PLLCK clock signals are provided to a logic circuit 535. Thelogic circuit 535 provides four clock signals XORCK0, XORCK90, XORCK180,XOR270 to a first input of the multiplexer 138 responsive to the PLLCKclock signals. In an embodiment, the logic circuit 535 is an exclusiveOR (XOR) logic circuit. The XORCK0, XORCK90, XORCK180, X0R270 clocksignals have relative phases to each other (e.g., 0 degrees, 90 degrees,180 degrees, and 270 degrees). The XORCK0, XORCK90, XORCK180, XOR270clock signals have a higher clock frequency than the clock frequency ofthe eight PLLCK dock signals. For example, in an embodiment of thedisclosure, the logic circuit 535 provides the XORCK clock signalshaving a clock frequency that is twice that of the clock frequency ofthe eight PLLCK clock signals. By way of a non-limiting example, theclock frequency of the PLLCK clock signals may be 1.5 GHz and the clockfrequency of the XORCK clock signals may be 3.0 GHz.

The DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK 180, DCLK270 clock signals from the clockdivider circuit 124 are also provided to a second input of themultiplexer 138. The multiplexer 138 provides either the XORCK0,XORCK90, XORCK180, XOR270 clock signals or the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180,DCLK270 clock signals as the IO clock signals based on a control signalMUXCTL.

Two of the eight PLLCK clock signals are provided back to the PLLcircuit 532. For example, in an embodiment, the PLLCK0 and PLLCK180clock signals may be provided to the PLL circuit 532. The PLLCK0 andPLLCK180 clock signals are complementary clock signals. The two PLLCKclock signals may be used by the PLL circuit 532 to synchronize thePLLCK clock signals with the DCLK clock signals. The two PLLCK clocksignals are also provided to a first input of the multiplexer 536. Asecond input of the multiplexer 536 receives two of the four IO clocksignals provided by the multiplexer 538. The multiplexer 536 providesthe two PLLCK clock signals or the two IO clock signals as the bufferclock signals BUFCLK and BUFCLKF based on the control signal MUXCTL.

In operation, in a first mode (e.g., DDR mode), the control signalMUXCTL has a first logic value (e.g., a high logic level) causing themultiplexer 538 to provide the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, DCLK270 clocksignals as the IO clock signals, and further causing the multiplexer 536to provide the two of the four IO clock signals as the buffer clocksignals BUFCLK and BUFCLKF. As a result, the clock frequency of the IOclock signals is the same as the clock frequency of the DCLK clocksignals (e.g., 1.5 GHz). As previously described, in an embodiment, theDCLK clock signals have a clock frequency that is one-half of the clockfrequency of the WCK_t and WCK_c clock signals. Consequently, the IOclock signals have a clock frequency that is one-half of the clockfrequency of the WCK_t and WCK_c clock signals. In a second mode (e.g.,QDR mode), the control signal MUXCTL has a low logic value causing themultiplexer 538 to provide the XORCK clock signals as the IO clocksignals, and further causing the multiplexer 536 to provide the twoPLLCK clock signals (e.g., PLLCK0 and PLLCK180) as the BUFCLK andBUFCLKF clock signals. As a result, the clock frequency of the IO clocksignals is twice the clock frequency of the DCLK clock signals, and isthe same clock frequency of the WCK_t and WCK_c clock signals.

As illustrated by the previous example, in a DDR mode the data clocktiming circuit 530 provides four phase IO clock signals having a clockfrequency that is one-half of the clock frequency of the WCK_t and WCK_cclock signals to operate the read data output circuit 118 and the writedata input circuit 120 at a double-data rate. In a QDR mode the dataclock timing circuit 530 provides four phase IO clock signals having aclock frequency that is the same as the clock frequency of the WCK_t andWCK_c clock signals to operate the read data output circuit 118 and thewrite data input circuit 120 at a quad-data rate.

The data clock timing circuit 530 has been described as including a PLLcircuit 532 that receives the four phase clock signals DCLK0, DCLK90,DCLK180, DCLK270 and provides the eight phase clock signals PLLCK0,PLLCK45, PLLCK90, PLLCK135, PLLCK180, PLLCK225, PLLCK270, and PLLCK315.In an alternative embodiment, the data clock timing circuit 530 includesa delay-locked loop (DLL) circuit instead of a PLL circuit. The DLLcircuit would receive the four phase clock signals DCLK0, DCLK180,DCLK270 and provide the eight phase clock signals PLLCK0, PLLCK45,PLLCK90, PLLCK135, PLLCK180, PLLCK225, PLLCK270, and PLLCK315. Aspreviously described, the eight phase PLLCK clock signals have a clockfrequency that is the same as the clock frequency as the four phase DCLKclock signals. More generally, the data clock timing circuit 530 mayinclude a clock circuit that provides the eight phase PLLCK clocksignals responsive to the four phase DCLK clock signals as previouslydescribed without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a PLL circuit 600 according to anembodiment of the disclosure. The PLL circuit 600 may be used as the PLLcircuit 532 of FIG. 5. The PLL circuit 600 includes a phase/frequencydetector 610 that receives four phase clock signals as reference clocksignals clk_ref, for example, the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, and DCLK270clock signals provided by the clock divider circuit 124 (FIG. 5). Thephase/frequency detector 610 further receives complementary clocksignals as feedback clock signals clk_fb, for example, the PLLCK0 andPLLCK 180 clock signals provided by the PLL circuit 600. Thephase/frequency detector 610 compares the phases and frequencies of thereference clock signals clk_ref and the feedback clock signals clk_fband provides a PH signal that is indicative of a phase and frequencydifference between the reference and feedback clock signals.

A filter circuit 620 receives the PH signal and provides a controlsignal CTRL. The CTRL signal provided by the filter circuit E20 is basedon the PH signal. For example, in an embodiment, a voltage of the CTRLsignal is based on the PH signal. The filter circuit E20 may filter thePH signal in providing the CTRL signal to provide stability to the phaseloop and limit ripples that may be present in the PH signal whenproviding the CTRL signal.

A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 630 receives the CTRL signal andprovides eight clock signals having relative phases to each other (i.e.,provides eight phase clock signals) that have a clock frequency that isthe same as the clock frequency of the complementary reference clocksignals clk ref By way of a non-limiting example, the clock frequency ofthe DCLK clock signals may be 1.5 GHz and the clock frequency of thePLLCK clock signals may be 1.5 GHz. The clock signals may be used as thePLLCK0, PLLCK45, PLLCK90, PLLCK135, PLLCK180, PLLCK225, PLLCK270, andPLLCK315 clock signals previously described with reference to FIG. 5.The VCO 630 provides the eight clock signals having a phase andfrequency that is based on the CTRL signal. For example, the eight clocksignals may have a phase and frequency based on a voltage of the CTRLsignal. When the voltage of the CTRL signal changes, for example, inresponse to a change in the PH signal from the phase/frequency detector610, the phase and frequency of the eight clock signals may changeaccordingly.

The logic circuit 535 receives the eight phase clock signals provided bythe VCO 630. The logic circuit 535 provides four clock signals XORCK0,XORCK90, XORCK180, X0R270 based on logic operations on the eight PLLCKclock signals. In an embodiment, the logic circuit 535 is an XOR logiccircuit, and the logic operations may be as follows: XORCK0=PLLCK0 xorPLLCK90; XORCK90=PLLCK45 xor PLLCK135; XOR180=PLLCK90 xor PLLCK180; andXOR270=PLLCK270 xor PLLCK225. The XORCK0, XORCK90, XORCK180, X0R270clock signals have relative phases to each other (e.g., 0 degrees, 90degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees). The XORCK0, XORCK90, XORCK180,X0R270 clock signals have a higher clock frequency than the clockfrequency of the eight PLLCK clock signals. For example, in anembodiment of the disclosure, the logic circuit 535 provides the XORCKclock signals having a clock frequency that is twice that of the clockfrequency of the eight PLLCK clock signals. By way of a non-limitingexample, the clock frequency of the PLLCK clock signals may be 1.5 GHzand the clock frequency of the XORCK clock signals may be 3.0 GHz.

In operation, the phase/frequency detector 610 compares the phase andfrequency of the reference clock signals (e.g., DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180,and DCLK270) and the feedback clock signals (e.g., PLLCK0 and PLLCK180)and provides a PH signal to the filter circuit E20 to adjust the VCO 630until the phase and frequency of the feedback clock signals clk_fbmatches the phase and frequency of the reference clock signals clk_ref.When the phases and frequencies match, the PLL 600 is said to be“locked.” The resulting eight phase clock signals provided by the PLL600 are in phase with the reference clock signals clk_ref. The logiccircuit 535 logically operates on the eight phase clock signals andprovides the four XORCK clock signals that are in phase with the DCLK0and DCLK180 clock signals and have a clock frequency that is greaterthan the clock frequency of the DCLK0 and DCLK180 reference clocksignals (e.g., twice the clock frequency).

FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of various signals during operation of thePLL circuit 600 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Thevarious signals illustrated by FIG. 7 are provided by the logic circuitB25 when the PLL circuit 600 is locked. FIG. 7 illustrates the DCLK0,DCLK90, DCLK180, and DCLK270 clock signals which may be provided as thereference clock signals clk_ref to the PLL circuit 600. The DCLK0 andDCLK180 signals are complementary. FIG. 7 further illustrates the PLLCK0and PLLCK180 clock signals provided as the feedback clock signalsclk_fb. The PLLCK0 and PLLCK180 clock signals are also complementary.The locked condition of the PLL 600 is reflected by the DCLK0 clocksignal having the same phase and frequency as the PLLCK0 clock signal,and the DCLK180 clock signal having the same phase and frequency as thePLLCK180 clock signal. As previously described, when the PLL 600 islocked, the eight phase clock signals (e.g., PLLCK0, PLLCK45, PLLCK90,PLLCK135, PLLCK180, PLLCK225, PLLCK270, PLLCK315) provided by the VCO630 are in phase with the reference clock signals clk_ref and have aclock frequency that is the same clock frequency of the reference clocksignals. As illustrated in FIG. 7, clock edges of the PLLCK0, PLLCK45,PLLCK90, PLLCK135, PLLCK180, PLLCK225, PLLCK270, and PLLCK315 clocksignals are aligned with the clock edges of the DCLK0, DCLK180 clocksignals, and have a clock frequency that is the same as the clockfrequency of the DCLK0, DCLK180 clock signals.

The PLLCK0, PLLCK45, PLLCK90, PLLCK135, PLLCK180, PLLCK225, PLLCK270,and PLLCK315 clock signals have relative phases to each other as well(e.g., 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, 180 degrees, 215degrees, 270, and 315 degrees). The PLLCK clock signals are provided tothe logic circuit 535 to provide the four XORCK clock signals based onlogic operations on the eight PLLCK clock signals. FIG. 7 illustratesthe XORCK clock signals resulting from an XOR logic operation. Forexample, XORCK0=PLLCK0 xor PLLCK90; XORCK90=PLLCK45 xor PLLCK135;XOR180=PLLCK90 xor PLLCK180; and XOR270=PLLCK270 xor PLLCK225. TheXORCK0, XORCK90, XORCK180, XORCK270 clock signals have twice the clockfrequency of the eight PLLCK clock signals (and the same frequency asthe WCK clock signals) and may be used to operate the read data outputcircuit 118 and the write data input circuit 120 at a higher frequency,for example, at a QDR mode.

FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of a clock divider circuit 800 accordingto an embodiment of the disclosure. The clock divider circuit 800includes a four phase clock divider circuit 810 that receivescomplementary input clock signals CLKP and CLKN and. provides four clocksignals CLKP0, CLKP90, CLKP180, and CLKP270. The four CLKP clock signalshave relative phases to each other (i.e., four phase clock signals). Forexample, the CLKP0 clock signal is 0 degrees, the CLKP90 clock signal is90 degrees out of phase from the CLKP0 clock signal, the CLKP180 clocksignal is 180 degrees out of phase from the CLKP0 clock signal, and theCLKP270 is 270 degrees out of phase from the CLKP0 clock signal. Thefour phase CLKP clock signals have a clock frequency that is lower thanthe clock frequency of the CLKP and CLKN clock signals. For example, inan embodiment, the CLKP0, CLKP90, CLKP180, and CLKP270 clock signalshave a clock frequency that is one-half of the clock frequency of theCLKP and CLKN clock signals.

The clock divider circuit 800 may be used for the clock divider circuit124 and the clock divider circuit 134 in an embodiment. The CLKP andCLKN clock signals may be the DCLK and DCLKF clock signals and the fourCLKP signals may be the DCLK0, DCLK90, DCLK180, and DCLK270 clocksignals when the clock divider circuit 800 is used for the clock dividercircuit 124. The CLKP and CLKN clock signals may be two PLLCK clocksignals and the four CLKP signals may be the DIVCK0, DIVCK90, DIVCK180,and DIVCK270 clock signals when the clock divider circuit 800 is usedfor the clock divider circuit 134.

The phase clock divider circuit 810 includes clock divider stages 814and 818. Each of the clock divider stages 814 and 818 receives the CLKPand CLKN signals, and provides two of the four phase clock signals. Theclock divider stage 814 provides the CLKP90 and CLKP270 clock signalsand the clock divider stage 818 provides the CLKP0 and CLK180 clocksignals. The clock divider circuit 800 further includes a bias circuit830 that provides bias currents to the phase clock divider circuit 810.The bias currents provided by the bias circuit 830 bias the four phaseclock divider circuit 810 for operation.

In operation, the CLKP and CLKN clock signals control coupling of thebias current from the bias circuit 830 to the clock divider stages 814and 818. As the CLKP and CLKN clock signals control the coupling of thebias current, the clock divider stage 814 provides the CLKP90 andCLKP270 clock signals and the clock divider stage 818 provides the CLKP0and CLKP180 clock signals. FIG. 8B is a timing diagram showing variousclock signals during operation of the clock divider circuit 800according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The CLKP and CLKN clocksignals are shown as complementary clock signals. The CLKP0, CLKP90,CLK180, and CLK270 have a relative 90 degree phase relationship witheach other, as shown by rising clock edges of the four phase CLKP clocksignals being 90 degrees out of phase (and falling clock edges of thefour phase CLKP clock signals being 90 degrees out of phase). The CLKP0,CLKP90, CLKP180, and CLKP270 clock signals have a clock frequency thatis one-half of the clock frequency of the CLKP and CLKN clock signals.

FIG. 9A is a block diagram of a read data output circuit 900 accordingto an embodiment of the disclosure. The read data output circuit 900 isprovided with four phase clock signals. The four clock signals pllclk_0,pllclk_90, pllclk_180, pllclk_270 may have a relative 90 degree phaserelationship with each other. For example, the pllck_0 may be 0 degrees,pllclk_90 may be 90 degrees, pllclk_180 may be 180 degrees, andpllclk_270 may be 270 degrees. The read data output circuit 900 may beused for the read data output circuit 118 in an embodiment. In such anembodiment, the pllck_0, pllclk_90, pllclk_180, and pllclk_270 clocksignals provided to the read data output circuit 900 may be the fourphase clock signals IO0, IO90, IO180, and IO270.

The read data output circuit 900 includes a shift register 910 and ashift register 920. The shift register 910 receives a first clock signalpllclk_i or pllclk_j and the shift register 920 receives a second clocksignal pllclk_(i+90) or pllclk_(j+90) that has a phase 90 degreesrelative to the first clock signal (i=0, j=180). For example, the shiftregister 910 may receive the pllclk_0 clock signal and the shiftregister 920 may receive the pllclk_90 clock signal. Alternatively, theshift register 910 may receive the pllclk_180 clock signal and the shiftregister 920 may receive the pllclk_270 clock signal. Each shiftregister is configured to load bits of data in parallel and provide thebits of data serially responsive to the respective pllclk clock signal.In an embodiment, eight bits of data are provided to the shift register910 and eight bits of data are provided to the shift register 920. Insuch embodiments, the read data output circuit 900 receives 16 bits ofdata in parallel and provides the 16 bits of data serially responsive tothe pllclk clock signals (eight bits from shift register 910 and eightbits from shift register 920). Four bits of data are provided per clockcycle of the pllclk clock signals, with all 16 bits of data providedover four clock cycles of the pllclk clock signals. The read data outputcircuit 900 further includes a multiplexer 940 that provides the outputof the shift register 910 or the shift register 920 based on a controlsignal provided by the XOR logic circuit 930. The XOR logic circuit 930receives the first and second clock signals (e.g., pllclk0 and pllclk90;or pllclk180 and pllclk270) and performs and exclusive-OR operation onthe clock signals to provide the control signal to the multiplexer 940.

In operation, the bits of data are loaded into the shift registers 910and 920 in parallel and shifted out of the shift registers 910 and 920serially responsive to the respective pllclk clock signal. The XOR logiccircuit 930 provides a control signal that switches between high and lowlogic levels at a frequency that is twice as fast as the clock frequencyof the pllclk clock signals. As a result, the multiplexer 940 iscontrolled to switch back and forth between the shift registers 910 and920 to serially provide four bits of data every clock cycle of thepllclk clock signals.

With reference to FIGS. 2 and 5, when the IO clock signals have a clockfrequency that is one-half the clock frequency of the WCK clock signals(e.g., the data clock timing circuit 130 and 530 are in a DDR mode), twobits of data are provided by the read data output circuit 900 per clockperiod of the WCK clock signal. When the IO clock signals have a clockfrequency that is the same clock frequency as the WCK clock signals(e.g., the data clock timing circuit 130 and 530 are in a QDR mode),four bits of data are provided by the read data output circuit 900 perclock period of the WCK clock signal.

FIG. 9B is a block diagram of a shift register 950 according to anembodiment of the disclosure. The shift register 950 may be used as theshift register 910 and 920 in an embodiment. The shift register 950includes a shift register 952 and a shift register 954. The shiftregisters 952 and 954 each receive bits of data in parallel and providethe bits of data serially responsive to a respective Oak clock signal.For example, in an embodiment, the shift register 952 receives four bitsof data in parallel and provides the four bits of data seriallyresponsive to the pllclk_i clock signal, and the shift register 954receives four bits of data in parallel and provides the four bits ofdata serially responsive to the pllclk_(i+180) clock signal. The shiftregister 952 may receive the pllclk_i clock signal, where i may be 0 or90, and the shift register 954 may receive the pllclk_(i+180) clocksignal. For example, where the shift register 952 receives the pllclk_0clock signal, the shift register 954 receives the pllclk_180 clocksignal; where the shift register 952 receives the pllclk_90 clocksignal, the shift register 954 receives the pllclk_270 clock signal. Amultiplexer 956 provides data bits from either the shift register 952 orthe shift register 954 as controlled by the pllclk clock signal providedto the shift register 954 (i.e., pllclk_(i+180).

In operation, the shift register 950 receives bits of data in paralleland serially provides the bits of data according the pllclk_i andpllclk_(i+180) clock signals. The pllclk clock signal controls themultiplexer 956 to alternately provide bits of data from the shiftregisters 952 and 954 as the bits of data are shifted through the shiftregisters 952 and 954. As a result, the shift register 950 provides twobits of data per clock cycle of the pllclk clock signal.

FIG. 9C is a block diagram of a shift register 960 according to anembodiment of the disclosure. The shift register 960 may be used as theshift registers 952 and 954. The shift register 960 receives bits ofdata in parallel and provides the bits of data serially responsive tothe pllclk_i clock signal. The shift register 960 includes five D-flipflops (DFF) 970(0)-970(4) and four multiplexers 972(0)-972(3). Eachmultiplexer is controlled by a load register control signal to provideeither a respective bit of data or an output of a respective DFF 970.Each of the DFFs 970(0)-970(4) provides an output based on an inputresponsive to the pllclk_i clock signal (wherein i may be 0, 90, 180, or270).

In operation, the multiplexers 972 provide a respective data bit to acorresponding DFF 970 when the load register control signal has a firstlogic value (e.g., high logic level). For example, when the loadregister control signal is a high logic level, the multiplexer 972(0)provides bit<0> to the DFF 970(0), the multiplexer 972(1) providesbit<1> to the DFF 970(1), the multiplexer 972(2) provides bit<2> to theDFF 970(2), and the multiplexer 972(3) provides bit<3> to the DFF970(3). The value of the bit of data from a respective multiplexer 972is output by the DFFs 970 when the pllclk clock signal changes to a highclock level. The load register control signal is changed to a secondlogic level (e.g., a low logic level) and the multiplexers 970 providethe output from a previous DFF 970. As the pllclk clock signal changesbetween the high clock level and a low clock level, the bits of data areshifted through the DFFs 970 to provide the bits of data serially. Onebit of data is provided per clock cycle of the pllclk clock signal.

After the last bit of data is provided, new respective bits of data maybe loaded by changing the load register control signal to the firstlogic level. The DFFs 970 may be reset to provide an output of a knownlogic value by changing a hold pattern signal provided to the DFF 970(4)to the desired logic value and clocking the pllclk clock signal to shiftthe logic value through the DFF 970(3), the DFF 970(2), the DFF 970(1),and then the DFF 970(0).

FIG. 9D is a timing diagram illustrating the timing of the output of thebits of data by the shift register 900, the shift register 950, and theshift register 960 relative to one another. Generally, the shiftregister 900 provides four bits of data per clock cycle of the pllclksignal, the shift register 950 provides two bits of data per clock cycleof the pllclk signal, and the shift register 960 provides one bit ofdata per clock cycle of the pllclk signal.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a write data input circuit 1000 accordingto an embodiment of the disclosure. The write data input circuit 1000includes a receiver circuit 1010 configured to receive bits of dataserially (i.e., consecutive single bits) and serially provide internaldata D to a sampler circuit 1020. The sampler circuit 1020 furtherreceives four clock signals pllclk_0, pllclk_90, pllclk_180, pllclk_270,The four clock signals pllclk have a relative 90 degree phaserelationship with each other. For example, the pllclk_0 may be 0degrees, pllclk_90 may be 90 degrees, pllclk_180 may be 180 degrees, andpllclk_270 may be 270 degrees. The write data input circuit 1000 may beused for the write data input circuit 120 in an embodiment. In such anembodiment, the pllclk_0, pllclk_90, pllclk_180 and pllclk_270 clocksignals provided to the write data input circuit 1000 may be the fourphase clock signals IO0, IO90, IO180, and IO270. The sampler circuit1020 samples the serially provided internal data D and provides sampleddata. SD responsive to the four pllclk clock signals. The samplercircuit 1020 samples one bit of the internal data D every rising edge ofeach of the four pllclk clock signals and provides four bits inparallel.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the relative timing of the pllclkclock signals, the serially provided internal data D from the receivercircuit 1010, and the sampled data SD provided by the sampler circuit1020 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. In the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 11, the receiver circuit 1010 serially receives 16bits of data and serially provides a corresponding 16 bits of internaldata D. Four bits of internal data D are provided per clock cycle of thepllclk clock signals, and the sampler circuit 1020 provides four bits ofsampled data SD in parallel, with each bit provided over one clock cycleof the pllclk clock signals. As the receiver circuit 1010 seriallyprovides the internal data D, the rising edge of the pllclk_0 clocksignal causes the sampler circuit 1020 to sample data bit 0 of theinternal data D and provide sampled data bit 0 over one clock cycle ofthe pllclk_0 clock signal. The rising edge of the pllclk_90 clock signalcauses the sampler circuit 1020 to sample data bit 1 of the internaldata. D and provide sampled data bit 1 over one clock cycle of thepllclk_90 clock signal. The rising edge of the pllclk_180 clock signalcauses the sampler circuit 1020 to sample data bit 2 of the internaldata D and provide sampled data bit 2. over one clock cycle of thepllclk_180 clock signal. The rising edge of the pllclk_270 clock signalcauses the sampler circuit 1020 to sample data bit 3 of the internaldata D and provide sampled data bit 3 over one clock cycle of thepllclk_270 clock signal. The next rising edge of the pllclk_0 clocksignal causes the sampler circuit 1020 to sample data bit 4 of theinternal data and provide sampled data bit 4 over one clock cycle of thepllclk_0 clock signal. The sampling of the internal data D and providinga corresponding sampled data bit responsive to the rising edges of thepllclk_0, pllclk_90, pllclk_180, and pllclk_270 clock signals continuesuntil the 16 bits of serially provided internal data D have been sampled(over four clock cycles of the pllclk clock signals).

As illustrated by FIG. 11, the sampler circuit 1020 serially receives 16bits of internal data D, four bits of data per clock cycle of the pllclkclock signals, and provides four bits of sampled data SD in parallel,each bit of the sampled data provided over one clock cycle of the pllclkclock signals.

With reference to FIG. 10, the sampled data SD is provided to aserial-to-parallel (S2P) circuit 1030. The S2P circuit 1030 furtherreceives the four pllclk clock signals and a write enable signal wren.Four delayed pllclk clock signals are also provided to the S2P circuit1030. The four delayed pllclk clock signals are provided by a delaycircuit 1040 that delays the four pllclk clock signals. The S2P circuit1030 receives the sampled data SD responsive to the pllclk clock signalsand provides corresponding bits of data in parallel responsive to anactive write enable signal wren. In an embodiment of the disclosure, 16bits of sampled data SD are received by the S2P circuit 1030. The 16bits of sampled data SD are received as four bits in parallel for eachclock cycle of pllclk clock signals, and over four clock cycles of thepllclk signals, as previously described with reference to FIG. 11. Afterthe 16 bits of sampled data SD have been received by the S2P circuit1030, 16 corresponding bits of data are provided in parallel byactivation of the write enable signal wren.

In summary, the write data input circuit 1000 receives bits of dataserially (e.g., four bits of data per clock cycle of the pllclk clocksignals) and provides corresponding bits of data in parallel, In anembodiment, 16 bits of data are received by the write data input circuit1000 over four clock cycles of the pllclk clock signals, and 16corresponding bits of data are provided in parallel thereafter. Aspreviously described, the pllclk_0, pllclk_90, pllclk_180, andpllclk_270 clock signals provided to the write data input circuit 1000may be the four phase clock signals IO0, IO90, IO180, and IO270. The IOclock signals may be provided, for example, by a clock divider circuit.The IO clock signals may have a first clock frequency in a first mode(e.g., DDR mode) and have a higher second clock frequency in a secondmode (e g., QDR mode).

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a serial-to-parallel (S2P) circuit 1200according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The S2P circuit 1200 maybe used for the S2P circuit 1030 in an embodiment. The S2P circuit 1200includes serial-in-parallel-out (SIPO) circuits 1210, 1220, 1230, and1240. Each SIPO circuit receives a respective one of the four pllclkclock signals. As shown in FIG. 12, the SIPO circuit 1210 receives thepllclk_0 clock signal, the SIPO circuit 1220 receives the pllclk_90clock signal, the SIPO circuit 1230 receives the pllclk_180 clocksignal, and the SIPO circuit 1240 receives the pllclk_270 clock signalEach of the SIPO circuits serially receives four bits of sampled data SDresponsive to the respective pllclk clock signal and provides fourcorresponding bits in parallel For example, in an embodiment where theS2P circuit 1200 receives 16 bits of sampled data SD as four bits inparallel for each clock cycle of pllclk clock signals, and over fourclock cycles of the pllclk signals, each SIPO circuit receives four bitsof sampled data serially and provides a corresponding four bits of datain parallel. The four SIPO circuits 1210, 1220, 1230, and 1240 provide atotal of 16 bits of data in parallel.

FIG. 13A is a block diagram of a serial-in-parallel-out (SIPO) circuit1300 according to an embodiment of the disclosure The SIPO circuit 1300may be used for the SIPO circuit 1210, 1220. 1230, and 1240. The SIPOcircuit 1300 includes a pointer counter circuit 1310 that receives apllclk clock signal and provides pointer signals iptr<0>, iptr<1>,iptr<2>, and iptr<3>. The pointer counter circuit 1310 sequentiallyprovides one active pointer signal responsive to the pllclk clocksignal. The SIPO circuit 1300 further includes aSIPO block 1320. TheSIPO block includes latches 1330(0)-1330(3) and 1340(0)-1340(3), andbuffers 1350(0)-1350(3) The latch 1330(0) latches and provides dataresponsive to an active pointer signal iptr<0>, the latch 1330(1)latches and provides data responsive to an active pointer signaliptr<1>, the latch 1330(2) latches and provides data responsive to anactive pointer signal iptr<2>, and the latch 1330(3) latches andprovides data responsive to an active pointer signal iptr<3>. Thelatches 1340(0)-1340(3) latch and provide respective data responsive toan active pointer signal iptr<3>. The buffers 1350(0)-1350(3) areconcurrently activated by an active write enable signal wren to outputdata BP0-BP3 in parallel, which correspond to the data of the latches1340(0)-1340(3).

FIG. 13B is a timing diagram illustrating the various signals duringoperation of the SIPO circuit 1300 according to an embodiment of thedisclosure. The various signals illustrated by FIG. 13B are for the SIPOcircuit 1300 when used as the SIPO circuit 1210 of FIG. 12.

As previously described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11, bit 0, bit 4,bit 8, and bit C of the bits of sampled data SD are provided by thesampler circuit 1020 over four clock cycles of the pllclk_0 clocksignal. With reference to FIG. 13B, a rising edge of the pllclk_0 clocksignal at time T0 causes the pointer counter circuit 1310 to provide anactive pointer signal iptr<0> to cause the latch 1330(0) to latch bit 0of the sampled data SD and provide the same to the latch 1340(0). Arising edge of the pllclk_0 clock signal at time T1 causes the pointercounter circuit 1310 to provide an active pointer signal iptr<1> tocause the latch 1330(1) to latch bit 4 of the sampled data SD andprovide the same to the latch 1340(1). A rising edge of the pllclk_0clock signal at time T2 causes the pointer counter circuit 1310 toprovide an active pointer signal iptr<2> to cause the latch 1330(2) tolatch bit 8 of the sampled data SD and provide the same to the latch1340(2). A rising edge of the pllclk_0 clock signal at time T3 causesthe pointer counter circuit 1310 to provide an active pointer signaliptr<3> to cause the latch 1330(3) to latch bit C of the sampled data SDand provide the same to the latch 1340(3) The rising edge of thepllclk_0 clock signal at time T3 also causes the latches 1340(0)-1340(3)to latch and provide the respective input data and provide the same to arespective buffer 1350(0)-1350(3). A rising edge of the pllclk_0 clocksignal at time T4 causes the write enable signal wren to activate thebuffers 1350(0)-1350(3) to provide the respective bit of data. Asillustrated by the previous example, four bits of sampled data providedto the SIPO circuit 1300 serially are latched responsive to the pllclkclock signal and then provided in parallel.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a command buffer 1400 according to anembodiment of the disclosure The command buffer 1400 may be implementedas a first-in, first-out (FIFO) buffer The command buffer 1400 includesa input pointer counter circuit 1410 and an output pointer countercircuit 1420. The input pointer counter circuit 1410 receivescomplementary clock signals clk_int and clk_inf, and further receives aninput pointer counter reset signal reset_inp. The input pointer countercircuit 1410 provides an active input pointer signal inp_pointerresponsive to the clk_int and clk_inf clock signals. For example,responsive to first clock transitions of the clk_int and clk_inf clocksignals (e.g., the clk_int clock signal transitions to a high clocklevel and the clk_inf clock signal transitions to a low clock level) theinput pointer counter circuit 1410 provides an active inp_pointer<0>signal with all other inp_pointer signals inactive. Responsive to secondclock transitions of the clk_int and clk_inf clock signals, the inputpointer counter circuit 1410 provides an active inp_pointer<1> signalwith all other inp_pointer signals inactive. The next clock transitionsresult in an active inp_pointer<2> signal, and so on. In an embodimentof the disclosure, the input pointer signals includes five input pointersignals inp_pointer<0>, inp_pointer<1>, inp_pointer<2>, inp_pointer<3>,and inp_pointer<4>. The input pointer counter circuit 1410 is reset to aknown state (e.g., providing an active inp_pointer<0> signal with allother inp_pointer signals inactive) by an active reset signal reset_inp.

The output pointer counter circuit 1420 receives complementary clocksignals clk_outt and clk_outf and further receives an output pointercounter reset signal reset_outp. The output pointer counter circuit 1420provides an active output pointer signal outp_pointer responsive to theclk_outt and clk_outf clock signals. For example, responsive to firstclock transitions of the clk_outt and clk_outf clock signals (e.g., theclk_outt clock signal transitions to a high clock level and the clk_outfclock signal transitions to a low clock level) the output pointercounter circuit 1420 provides an active outp_pointer<0> signal with allother outp_pointer signals inactive. Responsive to second clocktransitions of the clk_outt and clk_outf clock signals, the outputpointer counter circuit 1420 provides an active outp_pointer<1> signalwith all other outp_pointer signals inactive. The next clock transitionsresult in an active outp_pointer<2> signal, and so on. In an embodimentof the disclosure, the output pointer signals includes five outputpointer signals outp_pointer<0>, outp_pointer<1>, outp_pointer<2>,outp_pointer<3>, and outp_pointer<4>. The output pointer counter circuit1420 is reset to a known state (e.g., providing an activeoutp_pointer<0> signal with all other outp_pointer signals inactive) byan active reset signal reset_outp.

The input and output pointer signals are provided to a buffer block1430. The buffer block 1430 receives input commands command in that arebuffered responsive to an active input pointer signal and receivescommands command out that are provided by the buffer block 1430responsive to an active output pointer signal. In this manner, thecommands are buffered according to the timing of the clk_int and clk_infclock domain and the commands are provided according to the timing ofthe clk_outt and clk_outf clock domain. The buffer block 1430 includes Dflip flops (DFFs) 1440(0)-1440(4) and buffers 1450(0)-1450(4). In anembodiment, the buffers 1450(0)-1450(4) may be tristate buffers. Atristate buffer has a high impedance when deactivated, and provides anoutput based on the input when activated.

Each DFF 1440(0)-1440(4) is clocked by a respective input pointer signalinp_pointer to capture an input command and provide the command to arespective buffer 1450(0)-1450(4). For example, the DFF 1440(0) capturesa command (i.e., command_in) and provides the command to the buffer1450(0) responsive to the input pointer signal inp_pointer<0>, the DFF1440(1) captures a command (i.e., command_in) and provides the commandto the buffer 1450(1) responsive to the input pointer signalinp_pointer<1>, the DFF 1440(2) captures a command (i.e., command_in)and provides the command to the buffer 1450(2) responsive to the inputpointer signal inp_pointer<2>, and so on. Each buffer 1450(0)-1450(4) isactivated responsive to a respective output pointer signal outp_pointerto provide the command at its input as provided by a respective DFF1440. For example, the buffer 1450(0) is activated and provides arespective command responsive to the output pointer signaloutp_pointer<0>, the buffer 1450(1) is activated and provides arespective command responsive to the output pointer signaloutp_pointer<1>, the buffer 1450(2) is activated and provides arespective command responsive to the output pointer signaloutp_pointer<2>, and so on.

In the embodiment of FIG. 14 the command buffer 1400 has a depth offive. That is, the command buffer 1400 can buffer five commands beforewriting over the earliest buffered command.

In operation, the command_in commands are captured by an activated oneof the DFFs 1440 responsive to the clk_int and clk_inf clock signals.The clk_int and clk_inf clock signals cause the input pointer countercircuit 1410 to provide an active input pointer to clock one of the DFFs1440 to capture the command_in command. The input pointers are activatedsequentially, so that command in commands may be captured by the DFFs1440 as the clk_int and clk_inf clock signals clocks between high andlow clock levels. The command buffer 1400 provides commands from thelatches 1440(0)-1440(4) one at a time by controlling activation of thebuffers 1450(0)-1450(4) with the output pointer signals outp_pointerresponsive to the clk_outt and clk_outf clock signals. As the clk_outtand clk_outf clock signals clock between high and low clock signals theoutput pointer counter circuit 1420 sequentially provides an activeoutput pointer signal outp_pointer to activate a respective buffer 1450.

The command buffer 1400 may be used as the read command buffer 114. Inan embodiment where the command buffer 1400 is used as the read commandbuffer 114, the clk_jnt and clk_inf clock signals may be the internalclock signals CACLK and CACLKF, and the clk_outt and clk_outf clocksignals may be the BUFCLK and BUFCLKF clock signals. The command_incommands may be the RDCMD read commands The command buffer 1400 may beused as the write command buffer 114. In an embodiment where the commandbuffer 1400 is used as the write command buffer 112, the clk_int andclk_inf clock signals may be the internal clock signals CACLK andCACLKF. and the clk_outt and clk_outf clock signals may be the BUFCLKand BUFCLKF clock signals. The command_in commands may be the WRCMDwrite commands.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a counter circuit 1500 according to anembodiment of the disclosure. The counter circuit 1500 is a five-bitcounter that provides one active value responsive to the complementaryclock signals clk_0_i and clk_180_i. The counter circuit 1500 includes Dflip flops (DFFs) 1510(0)-1510(4). The DFFs 1510(0)-1510(4) receive theclk_0_i and clk180_i clock signals. A reset signal reset_n_j is providedto the DFF 1510(4) to reset the counter circuit to a known value In anembodiment of the disclosure, the counter circuit 1500 may be used forthe input pointer counter circuit 1410, and also used as the outputpointer counter circuit 1420 .In such an embodiment, the clk_0_i andclk180_i clock signals for use as an input pointer counter circuit 1410are provided by the clk_int and clk_inf clock signals, and the reset_n_isignal is provided by the reset_inp signal. The clk_0_i and clk_180_iclock signals when the counter circuit 1500 is used use as an inputpointer counter circuit 1420 are provided by the clk_outt and clk_outfclock signals, and the reset_n_i signal is provided by the reset_outpsignal.

In operation, as the clk_0_i and clk_180_i clock signals clock betweenhigh and low clock levels, an active value (e.g., high logic level)propagates through the DFFs 1510(0)-1510(4) and wraps around whenreaching the DFF 1510(4). For example, responsive to a first rising edgeof the clk_0_i clock signal (and a falling edge of the clk_80_i clocksignal), the DFF 1510(0) provides a high logic level output and theremaining DFFs 1510(1)-1510(4) provide a low logic level output (i.e.,the output count cnt_0<4:0> is 00001). The high logic level of the DFF1510(0) is also provided to the input of the DFF 1510(1) and the lowlogic level of the DFF 1510(4) is provided to the input of the DFF1510(0). Responsive to a second rising edge of the clk_0_i clock signal(and a falling edge of the clk_180_i clock signal), the DFF 1510(1)provides a high logic level output because of the high logic level fromthe DFF 1510(0),and the remaining DFFs 1510(0) and 1510(2)-1510(4)provide a low logic level output (i.e., the output count cnt_0<4:0> is00010). The high logic level of the DFF 1510(1) is also provided to theinput of the DFF 1510(2) and the low logic level of the DFF 1510(0) isprovided to the input of the DFF 1510(1). Responsive to a third risingedge of the clk_0_i clock signal (and a falling edge of the clk_180_iclock signal), the DFF 1510(2) provides a high logic level outputbecause of the high logic level from the DFF 1510(1), and the remainingDFFs 1510(0), 1510(1), 1510(3), and 1510(4) provide a low logic leveloutput (i.e., the output count cnt_0<4.0> is 00100). As the clk_0_i andclk_180_i clock signals continue to clock between high and low clocklevels the high logic level output propagates through the DFFs.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specificexamples have been described herein for purposes of illustration,various modifications may be made without deviating from the scope ofthe disclosure. That is, specific examples have been described withreference to the Figures, however, these specific examples have beenprovided by way of example, and are not intended to limit the scope ofthe disclosure to the specific examples. For example, specific numbersof clock signals have been previously described for some of the Figures.However, the specific numbers of clock signals were provided merely asexamples, and do not limit the scope of the disclosures to thoseembodiments having the specific numbers of clock signals For example,with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5, rather than using two command andaddress clock signals CACLK, CACLKF, and two buffer clock signalsBUFCLK, BUFCLKF for write and read command buffers 112 and 114, anotherembodiment may use one command address clock signal and one buffer clocksignal. In another example, the read data output circuit 118 isdescribed as receiving 16 bits of data and the write data input circuit120 is described as providing 16 bits of data, in another embodiment theread data output circuit may receive greater or fewer bits of data, andthe w rite data input circuit may provide greater or fewer bits of dataGenerally, as previously discussed, describing details of specificexamples is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure to thosespecific examples. Accordingly, the scope of the disclosure should notbe limited except as by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: an input/output circuit;a clock divider circuit configured to receive a first clock signal andoutput a divided clock signal; and a data clock timing circuitconfigured to receive the divided clock signal and to provide a secondclock signal to the input/output circuit in a first mode, wherein thesecond clock signal has a first frequency in a first mode and a secondfrequency in a second mode, and wherein the first frequency is greaterthan the second frequency.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein thefirst mode is a double data rate mode and the second mode is a quad datarate mode.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the input/output circuitcomprises: a read data output circuit configured, when activated by aread command, to receive a plurality of read data bits in parallel andto provide the plurality of read data bits in series responsive to thesecond clock signal; and a write data input circuit configured, whenactivated by a write command, to receive a plurality of write data bitsin series and to provide the plurality of write data bits in parallelresponsive to the second clock signal.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1,further comprising: a read command buffer configured to buffer a readcommand responsive to a third clock signal and configured to provide theread command responsive to a fourth clock signal, wherein theinput/output circuit comprises a read data output circuit configured,when activated by a read command, to receive a plurality of read databits in parallel and to provide the plurality of read data bits inseries responsive to the second clock signals, and wherein the dataclock timing circuit is configured to provide the fourth clock signalhaving the second frequency in the first and second modes.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the first clock signal has the firstfrequency and the second clock signal has the second frequency.
 6. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the second frequency is one-half of thefirst frequency.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the clock dividercircuit is configured to provide four clock signals having a 90 degreephase relationship with each other, wherein the divided clock signal isincluded in the four clock signals.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, furthercomprising: a write command buffer configured to buffer a write commandresponsive to a third clock signal and configured to provide the writecommand responsive to a fourth clock signal, wherein the input/outputcircuit comprises a write data input circuit configured, when activatedby a write command, to receive write data in series and to provide writedata in parallel responsive to the second clock signals, and wherein thedata clock timing circuit is configured to provide the fourth clocksignal having the second frequency in the first and second modes.
 9. Theapparatus of claim 1, further comprising a read command bufferconfigured to buffer read commands responsive to command and addressclock signals and provide the read commands responsive to a third clocksignal, wherein the third clock signal has the second frequency in boththe first and second modes.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1, furthercomprising a write command buffer configured to buffer write commandsresponsive to command and address clock signals and provide the writecommands to the input/output circuit responsive to a third clock signal,wherein the third clock signal has the second frequency in both thefirst and second modes.
 11. An apparatus comprising: an input/outputcircuit; a clock divider circuit configured to receive a first clocksignal and output at least one clock signal; and a data clock timingcircuit configured to, responsive to the at least one clock signal,provide a second clock signal at one of first and second frequencies tothe input/output circuit.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the atleast one clock signal provided by the clock divider circuit includes adivided clock signal.
 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the dataclock timing circuit is further configured to provide, to theinput/output circuit, the second clock signal at the one of first andsecond frequencies in one of first and second modes, respectively, andwherein the data clock timing circuit is further configured to provide,responsive to the at least one clock signal, a butler clock signal atthe second frequency in the first and second modes.
 14. The apparatus ofclaim 13, wherein the first mode is a double data rate mode and thesecond mode is a quad data rate mode.
 15. The apparatus of claim 11,wherein the first frequency is greater than the second frequency. 16.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second frequency is one-half ofthe first frequency,
 17. An apparatus comprising: an input/outputcircuit; a clock divider circuit configured to output four phase clocksignals; and a data clock timing circuit configured to, responsive tothe four phase clock signals, provide input/output (I/O) clock signalsto the input/output circuit at one of first and second frequencies. 18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the four phase clock signals providedby the clock divider circuit include four phase divided clock signalshaving the second frequency.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein thefirst frequency is greater than the second frequency.
 20. The apparatusof claim 17, wherein the data clock timing circuit is further configuredto, responsive to the received four phase clock signals, provide abuffer clock signal at the second frequency.